The "Use Teams Voicemail" setting allows Teams users to access and manage their voicemail messages directly within the Teams client application.
Make sure that when you check this option, you also set “When you can’t answer a call” to “Redirect to voicemail” in Microsoft Teams > Settings > Calls. This setting ensures that if a call is either rejected or left unanswered, the caller is redirected to the Teams voicemail options.
When a caller successfully leaves a voicemail, the Teams user will receive a notification that says, “Voicemail from + <Caller ID>”.
The user will have the option to listen to the voicemail immediately by clicking the play button.